Abstract Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the business model and the strategic intent to adopt an open collaboration initiative influence the perceived quality of collaboration outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a framework to analyze the role of the strategic dimension and the operational dimension in open collaboration initiatives through multiple case studies in three companies to understand how the open collaboration initiative was deployed and how was the level of the alignment between these two dimensions. Findings The studied cases revealed that when an open collaboration initiative starts in the strategic dimension and there is an alignment between the organizational dimension and operational dimension, the collaboration outcomes are clearer and more traceable. Research limitations/implications The study highlights the need to consider the involvement and the internal alignment between strategic and operational dimensions when deploying an open collaboration activity if they want to achieve all the benefits. Practical implications The presented framework can help managers to evaluate and understand how open collaboration activities are deployed within the company. Social implications The study shows that when an open collaboration initiative is planned, its results and benefits can be extended to local communities by developing them. Originality/value This study aims to analyze the open collaboration initiative’s contribution to the overall organizational performance through the alignment between the organizational dimension and operational dimension perspective. Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach traceable limitationsimplications limitations company planned them Originalityvalue Originality value s perspective

Abstract Introduction The term cracked tooth syndrome refers to an incomplete fracture of a vital posterior tooth that involves the dentin and occasionally extends into the pulp. There is a very limited number of publications trying to model dentin crack growth using numerical techniques. Therefore, it is essential to numerically model this phenomenon in order to improve the clinical procedures. Methods A 2D finite element model is proposed to simulate crack initiation and propagation in a restored premolar tooth. The geometric model was based on computed tomography data. A special finite element technique, named mesh fragmentation technique, is used to model and analyze the behavior of the tooth. This technique was used to model cracks in quasi-brittle materials based on the use of interface solid finite elements with high aspects ratio. A tension damage constitutive relation between stresses and strains consistent with the continuous strong discontinuity approach is used to describe crack formation and propagation. Results The main aspects of modeling technique and procedures are explained in detail as well as the whole results, including both elastic and fracture analyses of the restored tooth. Conclusion The results of the current fracture analysis show that, under various loading conditions, there is no crack initiation in the restored tooth under typical loading magnitude. However, in the case of tooth with a pre-existing crack, which can be aroused during the restoration process, a crack propagation was observed, while they did not reach a critical fracture state.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo preliminar foi avaliar as alterações no comprimento dentário e na espessura alveolar durante a retração dos incisivos superiores. Métodos: um total de 11 pacientes apresentando protrusão dentoalveolar severa, de acordo com a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) inicial (T1), e que continham no seu plano de tratamento extração dos pré-molares superiores e retração dos incisivos superiores, foram selecionados e submetidos a exames de TCFC um mês após o término da retração dos incisivos (T2). Com o auxílio do software Dolphin Imaging(r), a prémaxila foi dividida em sete cortes axiais. Em cada corte axial, foram realizadas cinco medições da distância da cortical vestibular a lingual. O comprimento dos incisivos superiores (n = 44) foi medido no corte sagital. As medições foram refeitas após o intervalo de duas semanas e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) foi utilizado para avaliar a calibração do examinador. Utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon para detectar diferenças nas medições realizadas nos dois intervalos de tempo. Resultados: o ICC mostrou-se satisfatório tanto para o comprimento dentário (0,890) quanto para a espessura alveolar da pré-maxila (0,980). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas para comprimento dentário e para as espessuras alveolares (p < 0,05) nos períodos avaliados. Conclusões: as forças atuantes na retração dos incisivos, nessa pesquisa, não provocaram alterações significativas no comprimento dentário dos incisivos superiores, nem mudanças na espessura alveolar da pré-maxila.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this preliminary study was to assess changes in tooth length and alveolar thickness following retraction of maxillary incisors. Methods: A total of 11 patients presenting severe maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion revealed by initial (T1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and whose treatment plan included extraction of maxillary first premolars and retraction of maxillary incisors, were selected and submitted to CBCT examination one month after the end of incisors retraction (T2). The premaxilla was assessed through seven axial slices by means of Dolphin ImagingTM software. In each of these slices, five measurements of the distance from the buccal cortical bone to the palatal cortical bone were performed. Tooth length of maxillary incisors (n = 44) was also measured in sagittal slices. Measurements were repeated after a two-week interval, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test examiner calibration. Wilcoxon test was used to detect differences in measurements performed at the two time intervals. Results: The ICC was satisfactory for tooth length (0.890) and for premaxilla alveolar thickness measurements (0.980). Analysis of data showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in tooth length or alveolar thickness between the two-time intervals assessed. Conclusion: The force used in retraction of maxillary incisors in this research did not promote significant changes in tooth length of maxillary incisors or in premaxilla alveolar thickness.

ABSTRACT The scientific production in health has followed the movement of valorization of the integral approach and the subjectivity. Considering that the bonding favors the identification of subjective aspects of care, the objective was to address one of its constituent elements, the Feeling of Belonging, in a Supplementary Health scenario guided by the Comprehensive Care Model and with services organized from the Family Health Strategy. There were 17 participants interviewed from Belo Horizonte and Juiz de Fora, aged between 19 and 97 years old, men and women. The Data Grounded Theory (TFD) and Symbolic Interactionism were the methodological and theoretical references used. The data analysis of the data extracted from the interviews was from the coding process proposed by the TFD, that is, Open, Axial and Theoretical Coding. It was evidenced that the Feeling of Belonging is one of the constituent elements of the bond, reinforcing the thesis that the bond in the health services is built in a relational process occurring in a multifactorial way, passing by social and subjective aspects, among others. Some elements related to the conjuncture of the studied reality are highlighted, different from the public sector, which may give rise to new hypotheses that complement or reinforce the presented plot.

RESUMEN La producción científica en salud ha acompañado el movimiento de valorización del abordaje integral y de la subjetividad. Considerando que el vínculo favorece la identificación de aspectos subjetivos del cuidado, el objetivo fue tratar sobre uno de sus elementos constituyentes, el Sentimiento de Pertenencia, en un escenario del ámbito de la Salud Suplementaria, orientado por el Modelo de Atención Integral y con servicios organizados a partir de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Fueron entrevistados 17 participantes de Belo Horizonte y Juiz de Fora, Brasil, con edad entre 19 y 97 años, hombres y mujeres. La Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos (TFD) y el Interaccionismo Simbólico fueron los referenciales metodológico y teórico utilizados. El análisis de los datos extraídos de las entrevistas ocurrió a partir del proceso de codificación propuesto por la TFD, siendo, Codificación Abierta, Axial y Teórica. Se evidenció que el Sentimiento de Pertenencia es uno de los elementos constituyentes del vínculo, reforzando la tesis de que el vínculo en los servicios de salud se construye en un proceso relacional que se hace de forma multifactorial, pasando, entre otros, por aspectos sociales y subjetivos. Se resaltan elementos relacionados a la coyuntura de la realidad estudiada, diferente de aquella del sector público, lo que puede suscitar nuevas hipótesis que complementen o refuercen el tema presentado.

RESUMO A produção científica em saúde tem acompanhado o movimento de valorização da abordagem integral e da subjetividade. Considerando que o vínculo favorece a identificação de aspectos subjetivos do cuidado, objetivou-se abordar um dos seus elementos constituintes, o Sentimento de Pertencimento, em um cenário do âmbito da Saúde Suplementar, orientado pelo Modelo de Atenção Integral e com serviços organizados a partir da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Foram entrevistados 17 participantes de Belo Horizonte e Juiz de Fora, com idade entre 19 e 97 anos, homens e mulheres. A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD) e o Interacionismo Simbólico foram os referenciais metodológico e teórico utilizados. A análise dos dados extraídos das entrevistas ocorreu a partir do processo de codificação proposto pela TFD, qual seja, Codificação Aberta, Axial e Teórica. Evidenciou-se que o Sentimento de Pertencimento é um dos elementos constituintes do vínculo, reforçando a tese de que o vínculo nos serviços de saúde se constrói em um processo relacional que se dá de forma multifatorial, passando, entre outros, por aspectos sociais e subjetivos. Ressaltam-se elementos ligados à conjuntura da realidade estudada, diferente daquela do setor público, o que pode suscitar novas hipóteses que complementem ou reforcem o enredo apresentado.

Objetivo: comparar, in vivo, mini-implantes (MI) com superfície lisa (usinada) e porosa (tratada com ácido), avaliando sua estabilidade primária e secundária.Métodos:trinta e seis MI foram inseridos na mandíbula de seis cães, e cada animal recebeu seis MI. Na hemiarcada direita, foram inseridos três MI sem tratamento da superfície (liso); na esquerda, outros três com a superfície tratada com ácido (poroso). Os dois MI distais de cada hemiarcada receberam carga imediata de 1,0N durante dezesseis semanas, e o MI da extremidade mesial não recebeu carregamento. A estabilidade foi medida pelos torques de inserção e de remoção, pela mobilidade inicial e final, e pela distância inter-MI.Resultados:não houve diferença estatística do comportamento entre os MI lisos e porosos. No entanto, observou-se torque de inserção elevado e mobilidade inicial reduzida em todos os grupos. Para todos os grupos, houve redução dos torques de remoção, em relação ao de inserção. Os MI porosos apresentaram maior torque de remoção e menor mobilidade final, em relação aos MI lisos. Os MI não permaneceram estáticos, sendo o deslocamento dos MI porosos menor em relação aos MI lisos, mas sem diferença estatística.Conclusões:a estabilidade primária dos MI foi maior do que a estabilidade medida na sua remoção; não houve diferença na estabilidade entre os MI lisos e porosos ao avaliar-se a mobilidade, o deslocamento e os torques de inserção e remoção.

Objective: To compare in vivo orthodontic mini-implants (MI) of smooth (machined) and rough (acid etched) surfaces, assessing primary and secondary stability.Methods:Thirty-six (36) MI were inserted in the mandibles of six (6) dogs. Each animal received six (6) MI. In the right hemiarch, three (3) MI without surface treatment (smooth) were inserted, whereas in the left hemiarch, another three (3) MI with acid etched surfaces (rough) were inserted. The two distal MI in each hemiarch received an immediate load of 1.0 N for 16 weeks, whereas the MI in the mesial extremity was not subject to loading. Stability was measured by insertion and removal torque, initial and final mobility and by inter mini-implant distance.Results:There was no statistical behavioral difference between smooth and rough MI. High insertion torque and reduced initial mobility were observed in all groups, as well as a reduction in removal torques in comparison with insertion torque. Rough MI presented higher removal torque and lower final mobility in comparison to smooth MI. MI did not remain static, with displacement of rough MI being smaller in comparison with smooth MI, but with no statistical difference.Conclusions:MI primary stability was greater than stability measured at removal. There was no difference in stability between smooth and rough MI when assessing mobility, displacement and insertion as well as removal torques.

OBJETIVO: o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência regional na percepção da estética do perfil facial nos estados do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) e Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. MÉTODOS: dois modelos leucodermas, um homem e uma mulher, com perfis faciais harmoniosos, tiveram suas fotografias de perfil editadas de modo a produzir sete perfis diferentes. As imagens foram avaliadas por estudantes do primeiro ano do curso de Odontologia (leigos), que as classificaram quanto à sua preferência estética. RESULTADOS: o resultado do teste t para amostras independentes demonstrou haver diferença entre as regiões, quanto à preferência estética de determinados perfis faciais. A fotografia feminina nomeada com a letra 'G' (retrusão da mandíbula) recebeu os maiores escores em RS (p = 0,006). Para as fotografias masculinas, não houve diferença (p > 0,007). O sexo dos avaliadores não exerceu influência na percepção da estética do perfil (p > 0,007). Considerando todos os avaliadores em conjunto, o teste ANOVA/Tukey mostrou haver diferença entre os perfis avaliados (p ≤ 0,05) tanto para as fotografias femininas quanto para as masculinas. A fotografia feminina preferida foi a com a letra 'F' (biretrusão dentoalveolar/perfil reto). A fotografia masculina preferida foi a 'E' (biprotrusão dentoalveolar/perfil reto). CONCLUSÃO: foi observada diferença regional quanto à preferência estética do perfil. No estado do Rio de Janeiro, houve preferência por lábios mais proeminentes; enquanto no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, os perfis considerados mais atrativos foram os retos. Os perfis considerados menos atrativos foram os que correspondem à Classe III.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the regional influence on the perception of facial profile esthetics in Rio de Janeiro state (RJ) and Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), Brazil. METHODS: Two Caucasian models, a man and a woman, with balanced facial profiles, had their photographs digitally manipulated so as to produce seven different profiles. First year dental students (laypeople) assessed the images and classified them according to their esthetic preference. RESULTS: The result of the t test for independent samples showed differences among states for certain facial profiles. The female photograph identified with the letter 'G' (mandibular retrusion) received higher scores in RS state (p = 0.006). No differences were found for male photographs (p > 0.007). The evaluators' sex seemed not to influence their esthetic perception (p > 0.007). Considering all evaluators together, ANOVA/Tukey's test showed differences among the profiles (p ≤ 0.05) for both male and female photographs. The female photograph that received the highest score was the one identified with the letter 'F' (dentoalveolar bimaxillary retrusion/ straight profile). For the male profiles, photograph identified with the letter 'E' (dentoalveolar bimaxillary protrusion/ straight profile) received the best score. CONCLUSION: Regional differences were observed regarding preferences of facial profile esthetics. In Rio de Janeiro state, more prominent lips were preferred while in Rio Grande do Sul state, profiles with straight lips were favored. Class III profiles were considered less attractive.

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of cortical thickness and bone density on the insertion torque of a mini-implant (MI) with microthreads. Mini-implants with lengths of 6 and 8 mm in the active part were inserted into synthetic bone blocks (polyurethane resin). The density of these blocks was 20 pounds per cubic foot (pcf), simulating bone marrow, and that of blocks 1, 2, and 3-mm-thick blocks was 40 pcf, simulating cortical bone. Blocks with uniform density of 40 pcf were also used to simulate bone areas of greater density. Insertion torque was quantified with a universal testing machine (EMIC). For both MIs, increasing insertion torque was associated with increasing cortical bone thickness. For the same MI length, significant differences were observed among all assessed groups. The insertion torque of the 6-mm-long MI inserted in a 3-mm-thick cortical bone was equivalent to that of the 8-mm-long MI inserted in a 1-mm-thick cortical bone. MIs inserted in bone blocks of greater density presented insertion torque values almost twice as high as those in other groups. The shorter MI, the lower the insertion torque, and the greater the cortical bone thickness, the greater the insertion torque. To minimize fracture risk, the size of MI should be selected according to the insertion site.

A hipótese testada foi que a exposição dos elásticos em cadeia ao meio bucal altera sua força de tensão. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento, in situ, de diferentes cadeias elastoméricas quando tensionadas durante 3 semanas. Três tipos de elásticos em cadeia Plastic Chain (PC), Memory Chain (MC) e Super Slick Chain (SSC) foram inseridos aleatoriamente em 3 dos quadrantes de 13 pacientes com distância fixa de 16 mm e força inicial de 180 g. Foi realizado ensaio de tração em uma máquina de ensaio universal EMIC nos seguintes intervalos: inicial, 1 h, 24 h, 1 semana, 2 semanas e 3 semanas. O teste ANOVA a dois critérios foi aplicado para verificar a influência do material e do tempo na degradação da força. Subsequentemente, foi utilizado o teste ANOVA a um critério e pós-teste de Tukey para identificar diferenças estatísticas (p<0,05), intra-grupo e inter-grupo, na força remanescente (g e %). Tanto o material quanto o tempo tiveram efeito significativo na degradação da força. Todos os grupos mostraram diminuição significativa da força depois de 1 h sob tensão (23% para o PC e 14% para o MC e SSC). Ao final do período de 3 semanas, a força remanescente foi de 57% (96 g), 67% (129 g) e 71% (125 g) para o PC, MC e SSC, respectivamente. A exposição dos elásticos em cadeia ao meio bucal alterou a força de tensão. No geral, a maior diminuição da força ocorreu na primeira hora. A força remanescente testada em cada intervalo foi maior para os elásticos reforçados (MC e SSC) do que para o elástico convencional (PC). Após 3 semanas, apenas os elásticos reforçados mantiveram a força acima de 100 g.

The hypothesis tested in this study was that intraoral exposure of elastomeric chains alters their tensile strength. For such purpose, it was evaluated the in situ behavior of different elastomeric chains stretched for 3 weeks. Three kinds of elastomeric chains, Plastic chain (PC), Memory chain (MC) and Super slick chain (SSC), were randomly placed in 3 quadrants of 13 patient in a fixed distance of 16 mm and mean initial force of 180 g. Tensile testing was performed in an universal testing machine at different intervals: initial, 1 h, 24 h, 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks. A two-way ANOVA test was performed to identify the influence of both material and time on the force decrease. A subsequent one-way ANOVAtest with the Tukey's post hoc test was used to identify statistically significant intragroup and intergroup remaining force (g and %) differences at 5% significance level. The effect of both the material and the time factors were significant. All groups showed significant force decrease after the 1-h period (23% for PC and 14% for MC and SSC). At the end of the 3-week period, the remaining force was 57% (96 g), 67% (129 g) and 71% (125 g) for PC, MC and SSC, respectively. In conclusion, intraoral exposure of elastomeric chains altered their tensile strength. In general, the greater force decrease occurred within the first hour. The remaining force of the enhanced chains measured at each time interval was greater than the conventional one (PC). After 3 weeks, only the enhanced chains maintained the force applied over 100 g.

The aim of this study was to compare the surface morphology and fracture torque resistance of as-received, sterilized and retrieved mini-implants in order to evaluate the fracture risks of re-using orthodontic mini-implants after sterilization. Thirty mini-implants retrieved from 19 patients, twenty as-received and twenty autoclaved mini-implants from the same manufacturer were used in this study. Ten samples from each group were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and the remaining specimens were tested for their fracture torque resistance. Results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. No defects or corrosion could be identified in autoclaved and retrieved mini-implants, but a worn surface and scratch marks could be observed on the retrieved ones. A statistical significant difference in the fracture torque was observed between the as-received and the retrieved groups. Re-use of retrieved mini-implants should not be recommended because their torque resistance is reduced. As-received mini-implants submitted to autoclave sterilization can be recommended to be used clinically.

OBJECTIVE - To analyze immediate and late results of percutaneous mitral valvotomy (PMV) in patients <= 18 year. METHODS - Between August '87 and July '97, 48 procedures were performed on 40 patients. The mean age was 15.6 years; 68.7% were females four of whom were pregnant. RESULTS - Success was obtained in 91.7% of the procedures. Immediate complications were severe mitral regurgitation (6.3%) and cardiac tamponade (2.0%). Late follow-up was obtained in 88.8% of the patients (mean value=43.2±33.9 months). NYHA functional class (FC) I or II was observed in 96.2% of the patients and restenosis developed in five patients, at a mean follow-up of 29.7±11.9 months. Three patients presented with severe mitral insufficiency and underwent surgery. Two patients died. CONCLUSION - PMV represents a valid therapeutic option in young patients. In these patients, maybe because of subclinical rheumatic activity, restenosis may have a higher incidence and occur at an earlier stage than in others persons.